Never in the same shape
Forward kinematics allows us to determine the position and orientation of the end-effector in terms of the joint variables. A simple way to explain direct kinematics is to take a very simple case and apply the basic methodologies of this technique to it.
Avoiding installing applications on any PC we need to work on every time can be an efficient solution. In fact, for some of them it is possible to install an application on a USB stick and carry everything you need to work with you. In this article we will install the R console on a USB stick. In this way we will be able to work with R, do our statistical analysis on any PC with Windows. Once finished, we will remove the key, leaving the PC clean.
In this article we will see in detail what processors are and what role they play inside a computer. We will see how they are structured, the functions performed and how they are characterized. In particular we will analyze the differences between the CISC and RISC architectures. Finally we will close with a quick introduction to memory and how it is structured. Fundamental concept for understanding how a processor can access it.
The DHT11 sensor (and the DHT22 sensor) allows to measure both the temperature and the humidity level in the air. Present on the market for a few euros, we find it already mounted on electrical boards that greatly facilitate its use. Let’s see in this article how easy it is to connect this sensor to our Raspberry Pi and how to take measurements.
Today we have a large number of programming languages available, some with a very specific scope of operability such as the web, analysis and mathematical calculation, or data management. These languages, so high-level and easily interpretable by professionals in the specific sector, are the result of years of evolution, which have managed to transform a binary language, which can only be interpreted by machines (machine code), passing through levels of programming languages gradually more complex. In this article we will see the reasons and ways of this development.
The DHT11 sensor (and the DHT22 sensor) allows you to measure both the temperature and the level of humidity in the air. Available on the market for a few euros, we find it already mounted on electrical boards that greatly facilitate its use. Let’s see in this article how easy it is to connect this sensor to our Arduino and how to take measurements..
With the Euler angles the foundations for the calculation of the rotation of bodies in three-dimensional spaces were founded. However, it was later discovered that Hamilton’s quaternions are a more efficient tool for studying the rotation mode of bodies. In this article we will see what quaternions are, how they are calculated and how they apply to the rotation of a body, also helping us in this case with some Python code.
The virtual realities we often play with on our PCs are based on 3D engines, i.e. systems capable of performing calculations that simulate the movement and rotation of objects in a three-dimensional system. Also in robotics, in particular with robotic arms, systems are used that are able to calculate a certain movement, establishing how much the individual motors that compose them must rotate. All these systems are based on calculations and mathematical concepts capable of calculating every single movement in three-dimensional space, most of which were developed by the famous mathematician Euler (1707-1784). In this article we will see what Euler angles are, how they are calculated and how the rotational motion of a rigid body in three-dimensional Euclidean space can be calculated. All with step-by-step practical tests developed in Python.
Servo motors are a particular type of motor, which thanks to their characteristics and ease of use, are often used in the first examples of motor control on boards such as Arduino or Raspberry. Model making makes a lot of use of this type of motors and there are many low-cost servo motors available on the market, also useful for educational purposes. In this article we will first see what servo motors are, how to use them and finally how to program Arduino in order to use them with some simple examples.
EEPROMs, which are the acronym for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, are special microchips used to store data even after the device on which they are mounted has been turned off. The next time it is turned on, the device will then have data available to be loaded. That is, they are memory devices that, unlike RAM, are able to keep information inside them even after the power supply has been turned off.